ABSTRACT
Population around the world had huge concern toward COVID19 disease that affect directly or indirectly on all populations' lives. It caused by novel virus called sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), therefore;The Iraqi Ministry of Health (MOH) and numerous scientific agencies had advised to promote population for receiving Covid 19 vaccines as Largest astride of an attempt to reduce the serious challenges burden of Covidi 9 in global. Aims of Study are: 1-To evaluate prevalence of the willingness to accept different types of COVID19 vaccines in middle and south of Iraq. 2-Compare the vaccinated and unvaccinated of the southern Iraqi population and detection some factor behind acceptance of COVID19 vaccines. Method: Based Cross-Sectional Observational Study utilized validated questionnaire.it conducted from 5 February to 5 April 2022 and distribute in two ways,online and manually, depending on the different living locations of the participants. Results: The total number of participants' responses was 767. It is obtained from the distribution of surveys in different ways. 104 of participants were excluded due to not giving complete answers to the survey questionnaire. On the other hand, 42 of the participants were excluded due to not living in the middle and south of Iraq. 621 participants from the total participant response were enrolled in the study analysis. Half of participants were 50.08% female and other half were 49.92% male with 52.33% of the participants were married. About two-third of the participants accepted to receive covid19 vaccines (75.68%), while 24.31 % of the participants were unvaccinated(14.65% of them hesitant and 9.66% rejecters). Most of participants were from Basra city (79.87%) and more than half of them were vaccinated and other were unvaccinated (71.98% versus 28.02%) (P value=0.000). Two-third of the participants had graduated degree bachelor and more (75.8%) and the percent of vaccinated group of them were significantly higher than unvaccinated (80.9% versus 19.1%) (P value = 0.000). Less than half of the participants were the healthcare providers (35.91%) and the percent of vaccinated group of them were significantly higher than unvaccinated (82.96% versus 17.04%) (P value=0.002). A small percent of the participants had a chronic disease (15.46%) and 79.17% of them accepted to receive covid19 vaccines which was higher than unvaccinated (20.83%, where 9.3% hesitant and 11.45% rejecters). More than half of participants had sign and symptoms of Covid19 infection (61.84%) and 78.39% of them were vaccinated which was significantly higher than unvaccinated (21.61%) (P value=0.046) and only 41.22% of them were diagnosed by doctor. More than half of the participants had one of the family members and/or friends died from corona virus (66.51%) and 79.18% of them were vaccinated which was significantly higher than unvaccinated (20.82%) (P value=0.004). Conclusion From above results, the percent of covid 19 vaccines acceptance was higher than hesitancy and rejection. The higher rate of covid 19 vaccines acceptance could be related to many factors that might affect on the success of vaccinated programs, including: level of education, place of living, had sign and symptoms of Covid19 infection have family members and/or friends died from covid19 and are members of the health care providers. Knownledgment The study was supported by clinical trial
ABSTRACT
One of the stated aims of the National Health Service (NHS) within its constitution is the promotion of equality. However, there is evidence inequality has increased over the last decade and the COVID‐19 pandemic has exacerbated this. The current pressures on healthcare mean that there is a case for a shift in approach as we transition to living with endemic COVID‐19. This article sets out how putting patient partnership front and centre at an individual, systems and national level has the potential to improve equality and assist the NHS in achieving its founding principles.
ABSTRACT
The article discusses highlights of the meeting held by the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization from October 3 to 6, 2022. Topics explored include the recorded decline in immunization coverage which may be attributed to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the COVID-19 vaccination coverage in low-income countries particularly in Africa, and the outlook for the Immunization Agenda 2030 of the World Health Organization (WHO).
ABSTRACT
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented worldwide health crisis. Many previous research studies have found and investigated its links with one or some natural or human environmental factors. However, a review on the relationship between COVID-19 incidence and both the natural and human environment is still lacking. This review summarizes the inter-correlation between COVID-19 incidence and environmental factors. Based on keyword searching, we reviewed 100 relevant peer-reviewed articles and other research literature published since January 2020. This review is focused on three main findings. One, we found that individual environmental factors have impacts on COVID-19 incidence, but with spatial heterogeneity and uncertainty. Two, environmental factors exert interactive effects on COVID-19 incidence. In particular, the interactions of natural factors can affect COVID-19 transmission in micro- and macro- ways by impacting SARS-CoV-2 survival, as well as human mobility and behaviors. Three, the impact of COVID-19 incidence on the environment lies in the fact that COVID-19-induced lockdowns caused air quality improvement, wildlife shifts and socio-economic depression. The additional value of this review is that we recommend future research perspectives and adaptation strategies regarding the interactions of the environment and COVID-19. Future research should be extended to cover both the effects of the environment on the COVID-19 pandemic and COVID-19-induced impacts on the environment. Future adaptation strategies should focus on sustainable environmental and public policy responses.
ABSTRACT
Background While most pediatric patients with COVID-19 experience mild disease, children with a history of hematopoietic cell transplant or cellular therapy (HCT/CT) or solid organ transplant (SOT) may be at increased risk for severe disease. Despite this, there is a dearth of data from multicenter studies examining COVID-19 outcomes among pediatric HCT/CT and SOT recipients. We present descriptive results from the Pediatric COVID-19 U.S. registry to characterize COVID-19 illness among pediatric HCT/CT and SOT recipients across the United States. Method Demographic, medical history, and COVID-19 related data were extracted from HCT/CT and SOT recipient medical records and submitted to the Pediatric COVID-19 U.S. Registry, a passive surveillance registry of pediatric patients less than 21 years old diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 2020 and April 2021. Participating US centers (n=170) submitted de-identified information for inpatients and outpatients at 7- and 28-days post COVID-19 diagnosis via a publicly available REDCap electronic survey. Data were summarized descriptively to characterize COVID-19 hospitalizations among HCT/CT and SOT recipients. Results Of the 13,140 registry COVID-19 cases, a total of 202 (1.5%) were patients with history of HCT/CT (n=58) or SOT (n=144). Median age at COVID-19 diagnosis among HCT/CT was 9.5 years (range 0.66 to 18) and SOT was 13.5 years (range 1 to 20). Over half of HCT (64%) and SOT (53.8%) patients were White/Caucasian and 26% of HCT and 39% of SOT here Hispanic/Latino. Hospitalizations among HCT/CT and SOT accounted for approximately 12% of all hospitalizations reported to the registry (n = 1683). Almost half of the reported HCT/CT (48%) and SOT (44%) cases were hospitalized. In those hospitalized, 11 (19%) HCT and 18 (12.5%) SOT cases required ICU admission. Half (50%) of HCT hospitalized cases received oxygen support and 3 (11%) required mechanical ventilation while only 2 (0.6%) SOT cases received oxygen support, and none required mechanical ventilation. The majority of HCT/CT cases (64%) were hospitalized between Days 100 and 365 post-transplant. Approximately half (48%) of the HCT cases had received an allogenic HCT. Myeloablative conditioning was the most common regimen reported (48%) among hospitalized HCT cases. Approximately half of SOT hospitalized cases had received a kidney transplant (48%) followed by liver (30%) and heart (19%). Of the 63 hospitalized SOT cases, the majority (87%) were receiving tacrolimus at COVID-19 diagnosis. One SOT death related to COVID-19 was reported, while no related deaths were reported in the HCT/CT group. Conclusion Although HCT/CT and SOT cases were low in comparison to all cases submitted to the registry, almost half of these cases required hospitalization. Only one COVID-19 related death was reported (SOT group);however, up to 20% of cases received ICU care. This data may aid clinicians developing future prospective studies examining COVID-19 risk mitigation and effective treatment strategies among this increased-risk population.
ABSTRACT
The article offers information about the Covid-19 prevalence and outcomes in postpartum women and newborns in a community hospital system. It mentions that pregnant women are at a significantly increased risk for severe illness, pregnancy complications, and preterm delivery if they are infected with Covid-19.